主体功能区划下经济-人口协调障碍及对策研究

通过对影响我国经济-人口协调的主要因素进行分析，找出在人口系统福利与经济系统福利方面的冲突环节和发展障碍，从市场体制、人口管理体制、财税体制、领导干部政绩评价制度等方面寻找成因，提出切实可行的对策建议，为我国主体功能区经济-人口协调发展提供参考。     

中国总量控制实践与发展态势

文中所说“总量控制”，全称是污染物排放总量控制制度。当污染物超出环境容量，总量控制一般以削减现有总量的方式出现，也就是通常所说的“减排”。结构减排在减排中占据主导的核心地位。实践表明，“节能必减排，减排促节能”。节能减排相结合是推动经济发展方式转变、调整经济结构、提高自主创新能力、实现环境与发展“双赢”的一种有效途径，也是科学发展的必然要求。节能减排与应对气候变化密不可分，是应对气候变化的主要支撑面。控制温室气体（以CO2为代表）排放强度，是对污染物排放总量控制制度的深化与发展。     

Vulnerability of schools to floods in Nyando River catchment,Kenya

This paper assesses the vulnerability of schools to floods in the Nyando River catchment (3,600 km²) in western Kenya and identifies measures needed to reduce this vulnerability. It surveys 130 schools in the lower reaches, where flooding is a recurrent phenomenon. Of the primary schools assessed, 40% were vulnerable, 48% were marginally vulnerable and 12% were not vulnerable. Of the secondary schools, 8% were vulnerable, 73% were marginally vulnerable and 19% were not vulnerable. Vulnerability to floods is due to a lack of funds, poor building standards, local topography, soil types and inadequate drainage. The Constituencies Development Fund (CDF), established in 2003, provides financial support to cover school construction and reconstruction costs; CDF Committees are expected to adopt school building standards. In an effort to promote safe and resilient construction and retrofitting to withstand floods, this paper presents vulnerability reduction strategies and recommendations for incorporating minimum standards in the on‐going Primary School Infrastructure Programme Design.     

声屏障在化工行业的应用

化工行业噪声源多，声级高，防火、防爆、防腐、防风险等要求特别严格。采用常规噪声控制措施受到许多限制，而采用隔声吸声屏障降噪有一定效果。本文以上海几个化工企业为例，论述了隔声吸声屏障的设计、应用及效果。     

论经济发展和环境保护双赢——以秦皇岛经济技术开发区为例

秦皇岛经济技术开发区经济迅猛发展,为避免走发达国家"先污染,后治理"的老路,必须以科学发展观为导向,优化产业结构,提高资源利用效率,节能减排,加强工业污染源的治理,完善基础设施建设,实现企业清洁生产,建立生态工业园区,以生态文明建设为引领,不断提升循环经济水平和持续发展能力,从而达到提高人民生活水平和改善人民生活环境的目的。     

The significance of various factors for GHG emissions of buildings

The objective of the research was to create improved understanding of the significance of diverse factors for the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of buildings. The specific focus of the study was on the assessment of the significance of building materials and embodied carbon. The scope of the study covers multi-storey residential buildings in Finland. This research was based on a literature survey and supported by a parametric case study. The parametric study assessed the building-material-related GHG emissions relative to total GHG emissions and the possible range of variation. The research assesses the minimum and maximum GHG emissions for production of buildings with similar spaces, to reveal the likely range of variation for the emissions. The calculations for the ‘minimum’ and ‘maximum’ scenarios assume a similar purpose of use, occupancy and spaces in the building, while the production methods, materials, site conditions and location are varied. The research also assesses the relative importance of various building components and other calculation parameters in terms of GHGs. Total material-related GHG emissions were compared with the GHG emissions caused by the operation of the building, at three distinct levels of energy performance. In addition, the material- and operation-related GHG emissions were compared with the location-related GHG emissions arising from people's mobility.     

通榆河南段控制单元最大日负荷估算及分配研究

以通榆河南段控制单元为研究区，利用现有的平原感潮河网区水量模型、面源污染负荷统计模型和水环境容量模型，估算研究区2010年污染物最大日负荷总量（TMDL），并进行负荷削减和分配研究。结果表明：研究区COD、氨氮（NH3-N）90％保证率（2004年）下的水环境容量分别为7．76万t,0．37万t；xCN2010年污染物入河量，COD、NH3-N的最大年负荷分别为1．99万t,0．28万t。在研究区涉及的各县市中，海安、姜堰、东台是负荷削减的重点区域；对于不同的污染源，城镇生活点源和农业面源是研究区污染物总量控制的关键。     

An Empirical Study on the Environmental Kuznets Curve for China＇s Carbon Emissions： Based on Provincial Panel Data

Based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve theory, the authors choose provincial panel data of China in 1990-2007 and adopt panel trait root and co-integration testing method to study whether there is Environmental Kuznets Curve for China＇s carbon emissions. The research results show that： carbon emissions per capita of the eastern region and the central region of China fit into Environmental Kuznets Curve, but that of the western region does not. On this basis, the authors carry out scenario analysis on the occurrence time of the inflection point of carbon emissions per capita of different regions, and describe a specific time path.     

政府减贫行为的动态效应——中国农村减贫问题的SVAR模型实证分析(1990-2008)

脱贫人口返贫率偏高是中国农村贫困问题的一个显著特征.这种客观现实要求我们,应该仔细考察农村贫困发生率、贫困深度和贫困强度对政府干预行为的跨期响应,从而动态地而不是静态地评价政府减贫行为绩效.本文将普惠式的农村农业发展政策与扶贫政策一起纳入减贫分析框架,构建一个结构向量自回归模型(SVAR)模型,以弥补现有文献用多变量时间序列数据通过单方程模型回归分析的局限,从SVAR模型中获得结构冲击响应函数,动态地评价政府行为的减贫效应.实证分析表明,目前的政府行为,无论是普惠式的农村农业发展政策,还是瞄准贫困人口的扶贫政策,对农村贫困的政策干预都没有形成持久的影响,冲击响应衰减很快.为了降低脱贫人口返贫率,政府减贫政策的目标应定位于提升贫困人口的自身发展能力,扩展贫困人口参与经济增长的机会,使经济增长成为他们获取稳定收益的源泉.     

Sustainable development frontiers and divides: Transnational actors and US/China greenhouse gas emissions

Perpetuation of the South-North divide over climate change threatens to undermine the sustainability of the planet's vulnerable ecosystems. The current focus of international attention is on the USA and the PRC since both countries are in a position to negate or clinch the global warming mitigation efforts of the rest of the world community and because the two governments are primarily responsible for the entrenched global impasse over greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement. This contribution illustrates how transnational non-state actors, specifically Chinese American transmigrants, can make a difference in surmounting the US-China divide over GHG emissions, even in a time of state stalemate. Specific opportunities to shape sustainable development outcomes are explored by reference to energy efficiency, renewable energy, transportation, GHG capture, and public education projects. The discussion shows that, by teaming up with the NGOs, universities, foundations and firms engaged in or contemplating involvement in GHG emission mitigation projects in China, Chinese Americans from many walks of life who can manoeuvre skilfully along the climate change frontier occupy a potentially decisive position in terms of supporting sustainable development.